Women&#039;s issues https://www.morningsidecenter.org/ en Teach Women's History Month! https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/teach-womens-history-month <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Teach Women&#039;s History Month!</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h3><strong>Lessons on Women's History &amp; Activism</strong><br>&nbsp;</h3><p>Get your students learning and talking about women making change, from Ella Baker to #MeToo to Aretha Franklin.<br>&nbsp;</p><p><a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/honoring-womens-history-month-and-intersectionality">Honoring Women’s History Month and Intersectionality</a><br>This lesson provides space for students to engage with the concept of intersectionality, and honor special women.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/suffragists-honoring-monumental-women">The Suffragists: Honoring Monumental Women</a><br>Through guiding questions and inquiry, students collectively gain an understanding of a new monument,&nbsp;the artwork, the artist’s intentions, and some of the history influencing the work. The activity encourages students to honor the women who came before us and those who continue to take action toward a more just society.<br>&nbsp;</p><p><a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/celebrating-ella-baker-and-her-group-centered-leadership">Celebrating Ella Baker and Her “Group-Centered Leadership”</a><br>Ella Baker, who helped build many of the most important organizations of the civil rights movement, defied traditional gender roles. She deprioritized charismatic leadership from above and instead empowered people to take charge of their own struggles for freedom.&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;</p><p><a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/what-feminism" hreflang="en">What is Feminism?</a><br>Students hear&nbsp;multiple voices about what feminism is, who is a feminist, and the evolution of feminism - and share their own thoughts and feelings about it.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;</p><p><a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/women-life-freedom-exploring-protests-iran">Women, Life, Freedom: Exploring Protests in Iran</a><br>Students learn about the demonstrations that have spread across Iran demanding women's rights and discuss how they relate to what is happening in other parts of the world, including the U.S.<br>&nbsp;</p><p><a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/new-high-court-nominee-ketanji-brown-jackson" hreflang="en">New High Court Nominee: Ketanji Brown Jackson</a><br>Judge Jackson may become the first Black woman on the Supreme Court. Students explore the confirmation process, Jackson's background, and diversity on the court.<br><br><br><a href="http://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/womens-history-month-considering-womens-leadership">Considering Women’s Leadership</a><br>Students learn about Women's History Month and International Women's Day, consider people who have had an impact on them and what makes a leader, and learn about some women who have made a difference in the world.<br>&nbsp;</p><p><a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/womens-history-month-words-women-activists">Words of Women Activists</a><br>Through a quiz and discussion, students consider quotes by women activists, from Helen Keller to Aretha Franklin. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><br><a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/respect-arethas-anthem-what-respect-means-classroom">Respect: Aretha’s Anthem &amp; What Respect Means in the Classroom</a><br>Students discuss Aretha Franklin, the "Queen of Soul," listen to her recording of the song "Respect," and consider how to ensure that everyone is respected in the classroom.&nbsp;</p><p><br><a href="http://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/metoo-its-about-power" hreflang="en">#MeToo: It's About Power</a><br>Through tweets, readings, and small-group discussion, students grapple with the #MeToo movement, and how it relates to the power -or lack of power - of women.&nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p><br><a href="http://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/international-womens-day-nobel-laureate-wangari-maathai-shaking-tree">Nobel Laureate Wangari Maathai: Shaking the Tree</a><br>Students think about women they admire, learn about African leader Maathai, and discuss the Peter Gabriel song Shaking the Tree.</p><p><br><a href="http://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/teachable-instant-womens-history-frances-perkins">Francis Perkins: Our First Woman Cabinet Member was Amazing</a><br>In this brief activity, students learn about the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire and about Perkins, who would not agree to become FDR's secretary of labor until he met nine bold demands.&nbsp;</p><p><br><a href="http://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/3-women-civil-rights-activists-who-changed-history">3 Civil Rights Activists Who Changed History</a><br>Through reading, discussion, and small group activities, students learn about three relatively unknown women in the civil rights movement: Diane Nash, Virginia Durr, and Claudette Colvin</p><p><br><a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/teachable-instant-womens-history-personal-political">Personal Is Political</a><br>This brief activity marks Women's History Month by exploring a key phrase in the women's movement during the 1960s and 70s</p><p><br><a href="http://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/malala-standing-girls">Malala: Standing Up for Girls</a><br>Students learn about Pakistan and about Malala's campaign for the education of girls,&nbsp;which made her the target of a Taliban assassination attempt in October 2012. The lesson has students read and discuss Malala's blog from her earlier days in Pakistan. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span>fionta</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2023-03-01T09:01:33-05:00" title="Wednesday, March 1, 2023 - 09:01">March 1, 2023</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> Wed, 01 Mar 2023 14:01:33 +0000 fionta 342 at https://www.morningsidecenter.org Women, Life, Freedom: Exploring Protests in Iran https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/women-life-freedom-exploring-protests-iran <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Women, Life, Freedom: Exploring Protests in Iran</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h2><strong>Gathering</strong></h2> <p><br> Invite students to have a look at the following image. What do they think it’s of? What might it be about?&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/filter/templates/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure role="group"> <img alt="Mahsa Memorial" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="bfbac5d9-c25c-47f2-9e61-0337525328ce" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/Mahsa%20Memorial%20Photo.jpg" width="624" height="464" loading="lazy"> <figcaption><em>&nbsp;Ideophagous, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons</em></figcaption> </figure> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/filter/templates/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Elicit and explain that this is an image taken at a Mahsa Amini protest in Stuttgart, Germany. The protest was one of many around the world in solidarity with the women of Iran in the fall of 2022.</p> <p><br> <strong>Check Agenda</strong></p> <p>Explain that in today’s lesson, we’ll be exploring the demonstrations that spread across Iran (and beyond) since September 2022. We’ll look at what triggered them, what issues the demonstrators are trying to highlight and address, and how these issues relate to what is happening in other parts of the world, including the U.S.<br> &nbsp;</p> <hr> <h2><br> <strong>Women, Life, Freedom!</strong></h2> <p><br> Ask students if they’re familiar with the chant:&nbsp;“Women, Life, Freedom!”</p> <p>Ask:</p> <ul> <li>What might the chant be in response to?</li> <li>Do you know its origins?&nbsp;</li> <li>How has it been popularized recently?</li> </ul> <p>Elicit and explain that “Women, Life, Freedom!” is the rallying cry of protesters in a country-wide uprising against women’s oppression in Iran. Originally, it was the main slogan of the Kurdish feminist movement, but it has since become a symbol of feminist solidarity in Iran and beyond.</p> <p>The protests in Iran were triggered by the killing of 22-year-old Zhina (Mahsa) Amini, at the hands of Iran’s “morality” police—a unit of Iran's police force, tasked with enforcing the country’s Islamic dress code in public. Mahsa Amini was arrested for allegedly not wearing her hijab (headscarf) correctly, i.e. some of her hair was showing.&nbsp; A few hours after her arrest, she was admitted to the hospital with severe head injuries sustained while in custody. She never woke up from her coma and died three days later, on September 16, 2022.</p> <p>According to United States Institute of Peace fellow Robin Wright: “<a href="https://www.usip.org/publications/2022/10/irans-protests-and-afghan-sisters-next-door">Protest chants about her death</a> quickly evolved into calls to oust the regime …. They began chanting ‘Death to the Dictator,’ and ‘Our disgrace is our incompetent leader,’ and ‘We don’t want the Islamic Republic.’”</p> <p>Iran’s security forces, such as the Basij militia, attacked protesters, fueling popular anger. As of October 11, those attacks had killed 185 protesters, including 19 children, according&nbsp;to the monitoring group <a href="https://iranhr.net/en/articles/5515/">Iran Human Rights</a>.</p> <p>The U.S. Institute of Peace reports that:</p> <blockquote> <p>Iran’s women are seizing worldwide admiration with 26 [plus] days of courageous defiance against their authoritarian government’s violent confinement of females as second-class citizens who may not freely work, marry, divorce, travel or even be seen with their heads uncovered….</p> <p>Iran’s&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/12/world/middleeast/iran-women-protests-strike.html" target="_blank">widened protests</a>&nbsp;this week, including workers’ strikes and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-protests-oil-workers-unrest/32073170.html" target="_blank">Iran’s vital oil sector</a>, underscore that its women are now leading the most potent challenge in years to the authoritarian rule by clerics and their allied security forces..</p> </blockquote> <p><br> Women and their allies have taken to the streets around the world to support the protests in Iran – including in Stuttgart, Germany, where the photo we saw earlier was taken. That photo is of a commemoration of Iranians killed in anti-Regime protests.&nbsp;</p> <p>Images of protests in Iran are hard to come by because the regime is cracking down on communications and any news being broadcast about the protests, whether in Iran itself, or abroad. And yet, news of the protests continues to spread.&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h2><br> <strong>Spreading Protests across Iran</strong></h2> <p><br> Invite students to watch the following BBC Tik Tok video about spreading protests in Iran and the difficulties in reporting on the protests.</p> <p>NOTE: This 3-minute video includes footage of the violent crackdown on protesters in Iran.</p> <p>Tik Tok @BBCnews: <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@bbcnews/video/7151073726094658822?is_from_webapp=v1&amp;item_id=7151073726094658822">These are the protest videos Iran doesn’t want the world to see</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/mahsaamini">#mahsaamini</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/iranprotests">#iranprotests</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/bbcnews">#bbcnews</a><br> &nbsp;</p> <p>After viewing the video, ask students to discuss:</p> <ul> <li>What are your thoughts and feelings about the video?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>What does the video show?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>What does the video say about the Iranian Regime?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>How are people in Iran (including the BBC) getting around that?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>According to the video, how are these protests different from other protests?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Do you think the reporting of these protests is important? If so, why?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Why might the Iranian regime say that the protesters are a dangerous threat?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Why might they charge the U.S. and Israel with being behind spreading unrest in Iran?</li> </ul> <hr> <h2><br> <strong>Control of Women’s Bodies</strong></h2> <p><br> In another Tik Tok video, this one posted by AJPlus, Iranian American writer and activist Hoda Katebi talks about the protests spreading across Iran and shares her insights about some of the reasons why they are happening.&nbsp;</p> <p>Play the following 3-minute video from AJPlus:</p> <p>Tik Tok @AJPlus : <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@ajplus/video/7149294317348162858?is_from_webapp=v1&amp;item_id=7149294317348162858">Iran’s uprising is about more than hair and hijabs</a><br> #iran #mahsaamini #iraniantiktok #iranianprotests2<br> &nbsp;</p> <p>After watching the video, ask students:</p> <ul> <li>What does Hoda Katebi claim is the root of the issue?&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>What does she say is the root of the anger?&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Even though women are cutting their hair and burning their hijabs (headscarves), Katebi claims the protests are not about the actual wearing of the hijab. What does she say that the protests are really about?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>How does this relate to women’s issues in Iran?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>How does this relate to women’s issues elsewhere in the world?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>How does this relate to women’s issues in the U.S.?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>How does this relate to how other marginalized groups are treated?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>What does Hoda Katebi say about American involvement in Iran? What has been the impact, according to Katebi, on the Iranian regime? What about the impact on ordinary Iranians?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>What does Katebi say about how governments express domination over women’s bodies?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>How does Katebi encourage us to look at what’s happening in Iran in a broader way?<br> &nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>Finally, ask students:</p> <ul> <li>What stands out for you in the images, videos, and readings we’ve shared about the death of Mahsa Amini and the reaction to it?</li> </ul> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Closing</strong></h2> <p><br> Invite students to reflect on the following statement by the writer Maya Angelou:<br> &nbsp;</p> <blockquote> <p>“Each time a woman stands up for herself, without knowing it possibly, without claiming it, she stands up for all women.”</p> </blockquote> <p>&nbsp;</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span>Laura McClure</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2022-10-20T15:07:25-04:00" title="Thursday, October 20, 2022 - 15:07">October 20, 2022</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> Thu, 20 Oct 2022 19:07:25 +0000 Laura McClure 1703 at https://www.morningsidecenter.org End of Roe: What the Signs Said https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/end-roe-what-signs-said <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>End of Roe: What the Signs Said</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><strong>To the Teacher: </strong></p> <p>This lesson uses signs from the protests following the Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization as a basis for student reflection and discussion.</p> <p>The lesson provides three possible formats for engaging in this exploration: a circle, a group dialogue, or a “stand under” activity. Before you begin the lesson, consider which format will be best for your class.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/filter/templates/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure role="group"> <img alt="Supreme Court protest" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="264c46e6-f58d-4dbd-b176-a55067f2fa63" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/Dobbs%20protest.jpg" width="800" height="430" loading="lazy"> <figcaption><em>Protesting the Dobbs decision outside the Supreme Court. Photo by <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/afagen/28774097575">Adam Fagen</a>.</em></figcaption> </figure> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/filter/templates/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2>Background</h2> <p>The media excerpts below provide some background on the Dobbs ruling and the response to it that may be helpful for you or your students.<br> &nbsp;</p> <p><a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/06/24/1102305878/supreme-court-abortion-roe-v-wade-decision-overturn">National Public Radio</a><br> <br> “In a historic and far-reaching decision, the U.S. Supreme Court officially reversed&nbsp;Roe v. Wade&nbsp;on Friday [June 24, 2022], declaring that the constitutional right to abortion, upheld for a nearly half century, no longer exists. …. The decision, most of which was leaked in early May, means that abortion rights will be rolled back in nearly half of the states immediately, with more restrictions likely to follow. For all practical purposes, abortion will not be available in large swaths of the country. The decision may well mean too that the court itself, as well as the abortion question, will become a focal point in the upcoming fall elections and and thereafter.”</p> <p><br> <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2022/05/03/people-color-most-impacted-if-roe-v-wade-overturned/9626866002/">USA Today</a><br> <br> “We know that [the overturning of Roe is] going to impact those who already have barriers to healthcare ….,” said women's health and reproductive rights policy expert Fatima Goss Graves, an attorney and president of the National Women’s Law Center. “Those who live in rural areas, women of color, those who have low income … people may travel hundreds of miles to get to states where abortions are still allowed. Young and low-income people, who are disproportionately of color, may not be able to afford the cost of travel. &nbsp;This will be a giant and larger hurdle placed in front of them,” Graves said.….<br> <br> Center for American Progress attorney and women’s health policy analyst Elyssa Spitzer noted women of color and&nbsp;LGBTQ people already&nbsp;experience bias and discrimination in healthcare.&nbsp; “It is very concerning, and very alarming and would devastate access for many millions of women in the United States,” she said. Subjecting women to carry an&nbsp;unintended pregnancy&nbsp;to term&nbsp;"is&nbsp;immensely painful, and arduous and a violation of human rights.”</p> <p><br> <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/07/04/we-are-not-going-back-to-the-time-before-roe-we-are-going-somewhere-worse#:~:text=Anyone%20who%20can%20get%20pregnant,duty%20to%20undergo%20pregnancy%2C%20delivery%2C">The New Yorker</a></p> <p>“Support of abortion has&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/upholding-roe-v-wade-is-supported-by-most-americans-wsj-poll-finds-11654162200" target="_blank">never been higher</a>, with more than two-thirds of Americans in favor of retaining Roe, and fifty-seven per cent affirming a woman’s right to abortion for any reason. Even so, there are Republican officials who have made it clear that they will attempt to pass a federal ban on abortion if and when they control both chambers of Congress and the Presidency. Anyone who can get pregnant must now face the reality that half of the country is in the hands of legislators who … believe that, if you are impregnated by another person, under any circumstance, you have a legal and moral duty to undergo pregnancy, delivery, and, in all likelihood, two decades or more of caregiving, ….”</p> <p><a href="https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2022/0626/Sunday-after-Roe-v.-Wade-The-response-from-American-pulpits">The Christian Science Monitor</a></p> <p>“Praise and lament for the overturning of abortion rights filled sacred spaces this weekend as clergy across the U.S. rearranged worship plans or rewrote sermons to provide their religious context … about the historic moment.&nbsp; Abortion is a visceral issue for deeply divided religious Americans. Some are sad or angry in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court’s seismic Dobbs v. Jackson decision Friday. Others are grateful and elated.&nbsp;</p> <p>At St. Paul Cathedral in Pittsburgh, the Very Rev. Kris Stubna … focused on the decision, calling it “a day of great joy and blessing.” He said the overturning of the nearly 50-year-old Roe v. Wade ruling was the result of prayers and efforts of many Catholics and others. “This law violated the very law of God, that every life is sacred,” he said. “A person cannot support abortion and still be a faithful member of the church.” Stubna’s comments would be considered divisive by some since U.S. Catholics disagree on abortion rights. Supporters include high-profile members of the faith like President Joe Biden and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi who face Communion restrictions as a result. …. A majority of adults from Buddhist, Hindu, historically Black Protestant, Jewish, mainline Protestant, Muslim, and Orthodox Christian faiths support legal abortion in all or most cases, according to a Pew Research Center’s Religious Landscape Study.<br> &nbsp;</p> <div> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> </div> <h2><strong>Opening Ceremony</strong></h2> <p><br> Authors Kay Pranis and Carolyn Boyes-Watson write in <em>Circle Forward </em>that “joy is an antidote to stress.” Read this quote aloud, or invite a student to read it:&nbsp;</p> <blockquote> <p>When we are confronting difficult challenges or even just the ordinary stresses and weariness of everyday life, we must be intentional about nurturing joy within our own self as well as others. &nbsp;…. The ability to feel emotional pain—anger, fear and sadness—along with positive feelings of joy and pleasure is an intrinsic part of our biological emotional hardware. Choosing to nurture joy does not mean turning a blind eye to pain or difficulty or injustice. It means holding positive possibilities while looking deeply into pain. Deep truth about what is and recognizing joy can exist side by side.<br> &nbsp;</p> </blockquote> <p>We are living through stressful times and the topic of today’s lesson is stressful for many people. So invite a volunteer to read the Sufi poet Rumi’s quote about joy:&nbsp;</p> <blockquote> <p>Keep knocking, and the joy inside<br> will eventually open a window<br> and look out to see who's there.</p> </blockquote> <p>Invite students to share one thing that brings them joy.</p> <hr> <h2>&nbsp;</h2> <h2><strong>What the Signs Said: Protests from around the Country</strong></h2> <p><br> Explain that in today’s lesson we’ll reflect on the signs that were held at protests around the country following the Supreme Court’s decision to overturn Roe v Wade, thus eliminating 48 years of federal protection for the right to abortion. &nbsp;</p> <p>The decision, Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, was one of several rulings that moved the country’s jurisprudence sharply to the right. People around the country (and world) poured into the streets in protest. The lesson that follows reflects on some of the perspectives from those protests.</p> <p>Consider using this handout, <strong><a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/sites/default/files/documents-pdfs/What%20the%20Signs%20Said%20Handout.pdf">“What the Signs Said,”</a></strong> in one of the following ways.&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Restorative Circle </strong></p> <p>Cut the “<a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/sites/default/files/documents-pdfs/What%20the%20Signs%20Said%20Handout.pdf">What the Signs Said</a>” handout into 47 strips and put them in an envelope.&nbsp; Explain to students that these strips represent what some of the signs said at the protests following the Supreme Court decision overturning of Roe v Wade.</p> <p>Give the envelope to the first participant in the circle.&nbsp; Ask the participant to take a strip out of the envelope and read the statement on it out loud.&nbsp;</p> <p>Instruct participants to hold on to the envelope while they are reading the statement so that everyone else in the circle can focus on listening. Instruct participants to hold onto the strip and allow for a few seconds of silence before passing on the envelope to the next participant. Each participant is invited to take a strip from the envelope and read it out loud before passing the envelope on to their neighbor.</p> <p>If a participant feels uncomfortable with the statement on the strip they draw, they can exchange it for another one in the envelope or pass on reading a strip altogether.</p> <p>Pass the envelope around the circle until all participants have had a chance to read out a statement.</p> <p>Next, pass the talking piece around several times asking students some or all of the following questions:</p> <p>GO ROUND: How did it feel to read and/listen to these statements?&nbsp; Explain.</p> <p>GO ROUND: How do you think the people who created the signs felt?&nbsp; Explain.</p> <p>GO ROUND: What feelings do you think the signs convey? Explain.</p> <p>GO ROUND: Which statement made the biggest impact on you?&nbsp; Explain.</p> <p>GO ROUND: Which statement do you have questions about?&nbsp; Explain.</p> <p>At any point if you feel there is more that students have to share on a particular prompt, invite them to share their: “connections, reflections, and additions” to what was shared in the circle.<br> &nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Group Dialogue</strong></p> <p>Distribute the “<a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/sites/default/files/documents-pdfs/What%20the%20Signs%20Said%20Handout.pdf">What the Signs Said</a>” handout. Consider creating a shorter version of the handout by selecting the “signs” that you think will spark the most meaningful conversation among your students.</p> <p>Invite students to read the “What the Signs Say” handout and pick a sign or two that speak to them or stand out for them.</p> <p>In pairs, have them share out what sign(s) they picked and why.&nbsp;</p> <p>Back in the large group, facilitate a conversation about the “What the Signs Say” handout, using some or all of the following prompts:</p> <ul> <li>How did it feel to read and these statements?&nbsp; Explain.</li> <li>How do you think the people who created the signs felt?&nbsp; Explain.</li> <li>What feelings do you think the signs convey? Explain.</li> <li>Which statement made the biggest impact on you?&nbsp; Explain.</li> <li>Which statement(s) do you have questions about?&nbsp; Explain.</li> </ul> <p><br> <strong>Stand Under Activity </strong></p> <p>Using the handout “<a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/sites/default/files/documents-pdfs/What%20the%20Signs%20Said%20Handout.pdf">What the Signs Said</a>,” pick up to seven signs that you think will spark the most meaningful conversation among your students. Print or write them up on signs, in large type, to post around the room</p> <p>Invite students to read the signs around the room, pick one that speaks to them or stands out for them, and go stand by or under that sign. If only one student is standing by a sign or two, invite those students to join another person or group.</p> <p>In the smaller groups that have been created, invite students to discuss:</p> <ul> <li>Why did you pick this sign to stand under?</li> <li>How does the statement make them feel?&nbsp;</li> <li>How do they think the person who made the sign felt?&nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>Back in the large group, invite representatives from each group to share out some of the main points they discussed.&nbsp;</p> <p>From there, facilitate a dialogue by inviting students to add any reflections, connections, and additions to what they heard from their classmates. Consider revisiting any of the questions from the small groups for further discussion, as well as:</p> <ul> <li>What feelings do you think the signs convey? Explain.</li> <li>Which statement(s) do you have questions about?&nbsp; Explain.</li> </ul> <hr> <h2><br> <strong>Closing</strong></h2> <p><br> Invite students to share one thing they learned in today’s lesson, or one thing they’d like to learn more about.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Sign Sources</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.texastribune.org/2022/06/26/photos-abortion-protests-texas/">https://www.texastribune.org/2022/06/26/photos-abortion-protests-texas/</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/roe-v-wade-overturned-global-protest-photos/">https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/roe-v-wade-overturned-global-protest-photos/</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/protest-signs-supreme-court-roe-v-wade-overturned_n_62b6027ee4b0cf43c864782b">https://www.huffpost.com/entry/protest-signs-supreme-court-roe-v-wade-overturned_n_62b6027ee4b0cf43c864782b</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/meganeliscomb/pro-abortion-rights-protest-signs">https://www.buzzfeed.com/meganeliscomb/pro-abortion-rights-protest-signs</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span>Laura McClure</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2022-07-07T10:45:03-04:00" title="Thursday, July 7, 2022 - 10:45">July 7, 2022</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> Thu, 07 Jul 2022 14:45:03 +0000 Laura McClure 1688 at https://www.morningsidecenter.org The Suffragists: Honoring Monumental Women https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/suffragists-honoring-monumental-women <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>The Suffragists: Honoring Monumental Women</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><strong>To the teacher:</strong></p> <p><br> In this activity, students will question and investigate the monument “Women's Rights Pioneers,” which was erected in New York City’s Central Park in 2020. The monument, sculpted by Meridith Bergmann, depicts Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, leaders of the women’s suffrage movement.&nbsp;</p> <p>Through guiding questions and inquiry, students will collectively gain an understanding of the artwork, the artist’s intentions, and some of the history influencing the work. The activity encourages students to honor the women who came before us and those who continue to take action toward a more equitable and just society.</p> <p>Gaining a deeper understanding of this history and connecting it to their lives today fosters students’ social and emotional growth. In particular, it develops their ability to appreciate others’ perspectives and to act collectively to create positive change. Connecting action to empathy and understanding can further increase students' awareness of global and intercultural issues (their global competency), fostering a more diverse and inclusive perspective. &nbsp;</p> <p>We hope experiencing such activities will encourage students to become, or continue to be, socially active participants inside and outside of the classroom.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h2>&nbsp;</h2> <h2>Day 1 Activity: &nbsp;An Artistic Investigation</h2> <h3><br> Opening&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</h3> <h3><em>“The manumission (release) of the slave and the elevation of the woman&nbsp;should be indivisible goals.” &nbsp; </em><br> &nbsp;</h3> <p>This quote is by <strong>Angelina Emily Grimké Weld</strong> - an American abolitionist, political activist, women's rights advocate, and supporter of the women's suffrage movement.&nbsp;</p> <p>Angelina and her sister Sarah, were the only white southern women who became abolitionists in the 1800’s.</p> <p>Ask your students a few questions that will help you gain an understanding of their existing knowledge about women’s suffrage and abolition. Present a few of &nbsp;your own or use these if they feel appropriate for your age group. Then invite a few voices into the space to share.</p> <ul> <li>Can someone describe to us what an abolitionist is?</li> <li>What do we know about the women's suffrage movement?</li> <li>What kinds of women's rights do we advocate for?</li> <li>How does this quote make you feel?</li> <li>Do you agree with what Angelina Grinké is saying?&nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h3><br> Introduction</h3> <p><br> Tell students:&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li>We’re going to watch a video. It's a succinct historical overview of the women's suffrage movement. While watching, please consider how this history has impacted you and your life.</li> </ul> <p>If you have a subscription, watch this 8:38 minute <a href="https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/womenssuffrage/">BrainPOP video</a> on women’s suffrage.</p> <p>Alternatively, have students watch either of the following:</p> <ul> <li>Women's Suffrage Movement (7:15 minutes, from <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dabwrVi9h8">SC public television’s History in a Nutshell series</a>)&nbsp;</li> <li>History of the Women’s Movement (3:30 minutes, from <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhMatTjdgZE">eGirl Power</a>)</li> </ul> <p>Invite students’ reactions to the video with questions such as:&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li>What stood out for you?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Did anything surprise you?&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</li> </ul> <p><img alt="Monumental Women" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b12b1703-98f4-442a-84ed-0a13f5665ca4" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/Monumental%20Women.jpg" width="946" height="669" loading="lazy"></p> <p><br> <br> <strong>Tell Students:&nbsp;</strong></p> <ul> <li>Now that we have a better understanding of the women’s suffrage movement and the reasons and outcomes of the movement, let's make connections to how this history manifests today.<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Share the&nbsp;image above of the Women's Rights Pioneers Monument.<br> &nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>Share with students a bit about the history of this monument. (For more information, see the <strong><a href="https://monumentalwomen.org/ ">Monumental Women website</a></strong>.)</p> <p>For example:&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li>A group of people (primarily women) came together to raise awareness of the fact that there were no statues of real women in New York City’s Central Park (though there were statues of fictional characters).&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>They decided to campaign for this to change, proposing a monument dedicated to the women's suffrage movement.&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>In true suffragist style, they worked hard to make this happen.&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>On August 26, 2020 - the 100th anniversary of the ratification of the 19th amendment and women winning the right to vote – a monument named “Women's Rights Pioneers” was erected in Central Park.&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Sculpted by Meredith Bergmann, the monument depicts Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, leaders of the women’s suffrage movement.<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>This is an example of how art can be activism.<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Let's investigate this piece of art and gain inspiration from the women that came before us!</li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h3><br> For Upper Elementary students (grades 4-6)</h3> <p><br> <strong>Framework: &nbsp;See/Think/Wonder</strong></p> <p>In this activity, students will look at the artwork for a moment and consider:</p> <ul> <li>What do you see?</li> <li>What do you think about what you see?</li> <li>What do you wonder about?</li> </ul> <p>This framework of questioning helps students make careful observations and develop their own ideas and interpretations based on what they see. By separating the two questions, What do you see? and What do you think about what you see?, the routine helps students distinguish between observations and interpretations. By encouraging students to wonder and ask questions, the routine stimulates curiosity and helps students reach for new connections. (Note: This framework and the one for older students are referenced in <a href="http://pzartfulthinking.org/?page_id=2">Artful Thinking</a>)&nbsp;</p> <p><br> <strong>Task</strong></p> <p>Begin by sharing the photo of&nbsp;the “Women's Rights Pioneers” monument. &nbsp;(Feel free to use multiple images of the monument, possibly depicting different angles and details.)</p> <p>Tell students they will investigate what they see in this image by asking these three questions:</p> <ul> <li>What do you <strong>see</strong>?</li> <li>What do you<strong> think</strong> about what you see?</li> <li>What do you <strong>wonder</strong> about?</li> </ul> <p>Share the following “investigation norms” with students (adapted from <a href="https://www.learningforjustice.org/">Learning for Justice</a>) and use them as a guide in your conversation:</p> <ul> <li>Take ample time to observe the art&nbsp;</li> <li>Consider how art reflects a process and intention - don't look at artwork as merely as a product</li> <li>Ground your interpretation on visual evidence - don't interpret without evidence</li> <li>Appreciate the complexity of differing perspectives</li> </ul> <p>Use one of the strategies below - whichever one best suits your students – to facilitate the discussion:</p> <ul> <li>Have students answer the questions individually</li> <li>Have students work in small groups to answer the questions (either in online breakout rooms or in person)</li> <li>Have the entire class answer the questions in the chat box or in person</li> <li>Have the entire class work on a padlet or whiteboard, entering their answers while making it visible to the entire class</li> </ul> <p>Once answers for each question are shared, engage in an explorative conversation. Encourage students to share their findings around the questions.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h3><br> For Middle and High School (grades 6-12)&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</h3> <p><strong>Framework: &nbsp;Think/Puzzle/Explore</strong></p> <p>In this activity, students will look at the artwork for a moment and consider:</p> <ul> <li>What do you think you<strong> know </strong>about this artwork?</li> <li>What <strong>questions</strong> or puzzles do you have about it?</li> <li>What does the artwork or topic make you want to<strong> explore</strong>?</li> </ul> <p>This framework of questioning helps students connect to prior knowledge, stimulates curiosity, and lays the groundwork for independent student inquiry.&nbsp;</p> <p><br> <strong>Task</strong></p> <p>Begin by sharing the photo of&nbsp;the “Women's Rights Pioneers” monument. &nbsp;(Feel free to use multiple images of the monument, possibly depicting different angles and details.)</p> <p>Tell students they will investigate what they see in this image by asking these three questions:</p> <ul> <li>What do you think you <strong>know</strong> about this artwork or topic?</li> <li>What<strong> questions </strong>or puzzles do you have?</li> <li>What does the artwork or topic make you want to <strong>explore</strong>?</li> </ul> <p>Share the following “investigation norms” with the students (adapted from <a href="https://www.learningforjustice.org/">Learning for Justice</a>) and use them as a guide in your conversation:</p> <ul> <li>Take ample time to observe the art&nbsp;</li> <li>Consider how art reflects a process and intention - don't look at artwork as merely as a product</li> <li>Ground your interpretation on visual evidence - don't interpret without evidence</li> <li>Appreciate the complexity of differing perspectives</li> </ul> <p>Use one of the strategies below - whichever one best suits your students – to facilitate the discussion:</p> <ul> <li>Have students answer the questions individually</li> <li>Have students work in small groups to answer the questions (either in online breakout rooms or in person)</li> <li>Have the entire class answer the questions in the chat box or in person</li> <li>Have the entire class work on a padlet or whiteboard, entering their answers while making it visible to the entire class</li> </ul> <p>Once answers for each question are shared, engage in an explorative conversation. Encourage students to share their findings around the questions.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h3><br> Closing<br> &nbsp;</h3> <p>Ask students:</p> <ul> <li>If you were commissioned to sculpt a monument about women's rights, what would you create?</li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h2><br> Day 2 Activity: &nbsp;What Would They Say Now?</h2> <h3><br> Introduction</h3> <p>Highlight the investigation you just did around the artwork inspired by the suffragists and women's rights. Ask students if they’ve had any further thoughts or discussions about women’s suffrage or the artwork we explored.&nbsp;</p> <p>Share or have the group read together the statement by Meredith Bergmann, the sculptor who created Women’s Rights Pioneers statue. In her statement, she details her thinking and art-making process for this piece: <a href="https://monumentalwomen.org/sculptors-page/">https://monumentalwomen.org/sculptors-page/</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h3>Talking Statues Excerpts<br> &nbsp;</h3> <p>Listen to “<a href="https://youtu.be/B9nL42JUAbY">Talking Statues Excerpts.</a>”</p> <p>Invite students’ thoughts and questions about what they heard. &nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Activity:&nbsp;What Would They Say Now?</strong>&nbsp;</p> <p><a href="https://monumentalwomen.org/put-her-on-a-pedestal/">Choose a suffragist from the list</a>&nbsp;and read about them.</p> <p>Based on what you learned about the suffragist, consider these questions: &nbsp;</p> <ul> <li>How do you think they would feel about seeing the women's rights pioneers statue in Central Park in 2021?</li> <li>What would they say when they learned that this is the first statue of real women in the park, and that it was erected in 2020?&nbsp;</li> <li>What would they say about the status of women today?</li> </ul> <p>Record your answer with <a href="https://info.flipgrid.com/">Flipgrid</a> or whatever platform you are already using.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h3>Closing</h3> <p><br> Share what each student has captured by facilitating a group go-round.</p> <p>Share your works with <a href="mailto:info@monumentalwomen.org">Monumental Women </a>&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span>Sara Carrero</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2021-03-08T12:24:07-05:00" title="Monday, March 8, 2021 - 12:24">March 8, 2021</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> Mon, 08 Mar 2021 17:24:07 +0000 Sara Carrero 1559 at https://www.morningsidecenter.org Forced Sterilization: Exploring the History & the Present https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/forced-sterilization-exploring-history-present <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Forced Sterilization: Exploring the History &amp; the Present</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><strong>To The Teacher:</strong></p> <p>In this lesson, students learn about recent news related to forced sterilization as well as the history of forced sterilization and eugenics, then research and discuss aspects of this issue.&nbsp;</p> <p>Note:&nbsp; This lesson explores controversial and disturbing aspects of American history. Before you begin the lesson, consider how students may react and how you can ensure a supportive classroom climate for the group discussion. You may want to review these <a href="https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/teaching-about-controversial-or-difficult-issues">guidelines</a> on teaching about controversial or difficult issues.&nbsp;</p> <p>For more background on this subject, see the articles below, as well as the sources listing at the end of this lesson.</p> <p><a href="https://theintercept.com/2020/09/17/forced-sterilization-ice-us-history/">https://theintercept.com/2020/09/17/forced-sterilization-ice-us-history/</a></p> <p><a href="https://time.com/5737080/native-american-sterilization-history/">https://time.com/5737080/native-american-sterilization-history/</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h3><strong>Introduction</strong></h3> <p>Share with students the following tweet:<br> &nbsp;</p> <p><img alt="Jayapal tweet" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="ffa838f5-1b96-415c-82f7-d65ab7a5d6c8" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/Jayapaltweet.jpg" width="598" height="525" loading="lazy"></p> <p>Ask students:</p> <ul> <li>What does this tweet refer to?</li> <li>What is “forced sterilization”?</li> </ul> <p>Share with students some of the information below:<br> &nbsp;</p> <p>In September 2020, Dawn Wooten, a Georgia nurse, filed a whistleblower complaint alleging that immigrant women detained at the Irwin Country Detention Center in Ocilla, Georgia, were receiving a high number of hysterectomies. (A hysterectomy removes a woman’s uterus, preventing her from having a child.)</p> <p>House immigration subcommittee member Rep. Pramila Jayapal later spoke with an attorney representing the women, who said that approximately 18 women at the center had been subjected to unnecessary gynecological procedures they didn’t consent to. Rep. Jayapal sent a&nbsp;<a href="http://jayapal.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DHS-IG-FINAL.pdf">letter</a>&nbsp;to the Department of Homeland Security, signed by 173 other members of Congress, requesting an investigation of what had happened at the facility.</p> <p>Forced sterilization has a long history, some of which is just now being acknowledged and discussed. In the United States, forced sterilization is rooted in the “eugenics movement” that peaked in the 1920s and 1930s. In theory, eugenicists advocated for eliminating reproduction in people considered unfit, specifically those with physical and mental disabilities. In practice, states began forced sterilization programs targeting people of color, women immigrants, poor people as well as people with physical and mental disabilities.</p> <p>In June 2019, the &nbsp;University of Vermont issued an apology for the forced sterilizations that resulted from the Vermont Eugenics Survey program it operated, in conjunction with the State of Vermont, from 1925 to 1936.The university now offers an online database detailing the history of the eugenics movement in all 50 states.</p> <hr> <h3><br> <strong>A Short History of Eugenics and Forced Sterilization</strong><br> &nbsp;</h3> <p>Share with students&nbsp;<strong><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1F6cqpsUq5skygO-2ywxWXR8HZw0KAkjJosxV_nOjAg0/edit?usp=sharing">these 12 slides</a></strong>, which provide historical context on eugenics.</p> <p>Read the slides with students, and discuss any questions that surface.</p> <p>Note: Slide number 10 discusses the case of Elaine Riddick, a North Carolina woman who, as a teenager, was raped and impregnated and, after birthing her son, was forcibly sterilized. It includes a link to a 4-minute videotaped statement by Riddick about her experience. Consider playing the video for students and inviting their responses.&nbsp;</p> <p>The video is here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFJNX5bHYVI">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFJNX5bHYVI</a> &nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</p> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h3><strong>Independent Work</strong></h3> <p><br> Next, ask students to work in pairs to find out more about the history of the eugenics movement by delving into the University of Vermont’s database detailing this history in all 50 states. (Students may choose a state, or assign states for students to research.)</p> <p>Database location: <a href="http://www.uvm.edu/~lkaelber/eugenics/">http://www.uvm.edu/~lkaelber/eugenics/</a></p> <p>After they’ve read the information, ask each pair of students to discuss the following questions:</p> <ul> <li>What precipitated lawmakers in this state to pass sterilization laws?</li> <li>Who was targeted by the laws?</li> <li>What arguments could you make for or against sterilization laws?</li> <li>What do the passage of these laws and the continued use of forced sterilizations say about us a society?</li> </ul> <p>Next, reconvene students as a group and discuss the United States’ history of forced sterilizations. &nbsp;</p> <p>If students are interested in exploring this issue further, or want to take action on it, invite them to research the organizations that are working to ensure reproductive justice. Some of them are listed below.<br> &nbsp;</p> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h3><strong>Closing</strong></h3> <p><br> Ask students to share one thing that surprised them in their research or in the discussions.<br> &nbsp;</p> <hr> <h3><br> <strong>Source Documents</strong></h3> <p>“Sterilization Operations Performed in California Mental Hospitals and Institutions for Mental Defectives, to June 30, 1941,” in the Statistical Report of the Department of Institutions of the State of California (Sacramento: California State Printing Office, 1941):</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Click%20on%20image%20to%20zoom&amp;p=PMC3&amp;id=1449330_table29.jpg" target="tileshopwindow"><img 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"></a></p> <p>Effects of Eugenic Sterilization As Practiced In California: A&nbsp;1920s source document distributed by the Human Betterment Foundation in Pasadena, CA<br> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449330/figure/f1/?report=objectonly">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449330/figure/f1/?report=objectonly</a></p> <p>Immigration Detention and Coerced Sterilization: History Tragically Repeats Itself<br> <a href="https://www.aclu.org/news/immigrants-rights/immigration-detention-and-coerced-sterilization-history-tragically-repeats-itself/">https://www.aclu.org/news/immigrants-rights/immigration-detention-and-coerced-sterilization-history-tragically-repeats-itself/</a></p> <p>Rep. Jayapal’s letter to Homeland Security<br> <a href="http://jayapal.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DHS-IG-FINAL.pdf">http://jayapal.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DHS-IG-FINAL.pdf</a></p> <p>Women’s History Review: Informing Red Power and Transforming the Second Wave: Native American women and the struggle against coerced sterilization in the 1970s<br> <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09612025.2015.1083229?scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true&amp;journalCode=rwhr20">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09612025.2015.1083229 scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true&amp;journalCode=rwhr20</a></p> <p>University of Michigan Archive on Birthing Reproductive Justice<br> <a href="https://apps.lib.umich.edu/online-exhibits/exhibits/show/reproductive-justice/overview/anticipating-reproductive-just">https://apps.lib.umich.edu/online-exhibits/exhibits/show/reproductive-justice/overview/anticipating-reproductive-just</a></p> <p>University of Vermont Apology<br> <a href="https://www.sevendaysvt.com/OffMessage/archives/2019/06/21/uvm-apologizes-for-a-eugenics-survey-that-ended-in-1936">https://www.sevendaysvt.com/OffMessage/archives/2019/06/21/uvm-apologizes-for-a-eugenics-survey-that-ended-in-1936</a><br> &nbsp;</p> <h3><strong>Groups organizing to stop forced sterilization:</strong></h3> <p>Latina Institute for Reproductive Justice: <a href="https://www.latinainstitute.org/">https://www.latinainstitute.org/</a> (@LatinaInstitute)<br> Sistersong:&nbsp; <a href="https://www.sistersong.net/reproductive-justice">https://www.sistersong.net/reproductive-justice</a>&nbsp; (@SisterSong_WOC)</p> <p>Project South: <a href="https://projectsouth.org/">https://projectsouth.org/</a>&nbsp; (@ProjectSouth)</p> <p>Black Alliance for Just Immigration: <a href="https://baji.org/">https://baji.org/</a> (@BAJItweet)</p> <p>National Black Women’s Reproductive Justice Agenda&nbsp;: <a href="https://blackrj.org/">https://blackrj.org/</a>&nbsp; (@BlackWomensRJ)</p> <p>Unite for Reproductive &amp; Gender Equity:&nbsp; <a href="https://urge.org/">https://urge.org/</a> (@URGE_org)</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span>Laura McClure</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2020-10-25T06:54:57-04:00" title="Sunday, October 25, 2020 - 06:54">October 25, 2020</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> Sun, 25 Oct 2020 10:54:57 +0000 Laura McClure 1509 at https://www.morningsidecenter.org Trump Inaugurated, Women & Allies March https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/trump-inaugurated-women-allies-march <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Trump Inaugurated, Women &amp; Allies March</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h4><img alt src="/sites/default/files/pictures/WomensMarch-Mark%20Dixon%20from%20Pittsburgh%2C%20PA(1).jpg" style="width: 486px; height: 196px; margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px;"></h4> <hr> <h4>Introduction<br> &nbsp;</h4> <p>Several historic events have happened over the past several days:</p> <ul> <li>On Friday, January 20, 2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the U.S.’s 45<sup>th</sup> president.&nbsp;</li> <li>One day later, hundreds of thousands of people flooded Washington, D.C. for a Women’s March on Washington - and they were joined by hundreds of thousands more people in cities and towns across the U.S. and around the world.</li> </ul> <p>Ask if anyone in the class participated in or saw the inauguration or, took part in any of the women’s marches. Ask:</p> <ul> <li>What struck you about the inauguration?</li> <li>What struck you about the women’s marches?</li> <li>If you yourself participated, how did it feel to be part of such an event? What made you want to take part in it?</li> </ul> <p>Tell students that we’ll now explore these events a bit further.</p> <p><br> <em>Photo: Women's March on Washington by Mark Dixon, Pittsburgh, PA. &nbsp;</em><br> &nbsp;</p> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>Trump Inauguration</h4> <p>On January 20, Donald Trump took the traditional oath of office and gave a 16-minute inaugural speech to the assembled crowd and viewers. (See the full speech <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/20/donald-trumps-full-inauguration-speech-transcript-annotated/?utm_term=.3302a8e6e24c">here</a>.) About 160,000 people poured into the National Mall in Washington, D.C., to witness the inauguration, which signaled the end of Barack Obama’s 8-year term as president. The Obama family and other former presidents and their families attended Trump’s inauguration.</p> <p>In the speech, Trump described a troubled nation, including:</p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;">mothers and children trapped in poverty in our inner cities; rusted out factories scattered like tombstones across the landscape of our nation; an education system flush with cash, but which leaves our young and beautiful students deprived of all knowledge; and the crime and the gangs and the drugs that have stolen too many lives and robbed our country of so much unrealized potential.&nbsp; This American carnage stops right here and stops right now....</p> <p>Trump pledged:</p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;">From th<genius-referent data-genius-annotator-id="2225623" data-genius-api-path="/referents/11203449" data-genius-featured-referent="true" data-genius-hover data-genius-referent-id="11203449" data-genius-style-id="referent" data-genius-wrapped-path="/11203449/www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/20/donald-trumps-full-inauguration-speech-transcript-annotated">is day forward, a new vision will govern our land. From this day forward, it's going to be only America first, America first.</genius-referent> Every decision on trade, on taxes, on immigration, on foreign affairs will be made to benefit American workers and American families.&nbsp;<genius-referent data-genius-annotator-id="4206577" data-genius-api-path="/referents/11203653" data-genius-referent-id="11203653" data-genius-style-id="referent" data-genius-wrapped-path="/11203653/www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/20/donald-trumps-full-inauguration-speech-transcript-annotated">We must protect our borders from the ravages of other countries making our products</genius-referent>, stealing our companies and destroying our jobs.</p> <p>Trump promised the "total eradication" of "radical Islamic terrorism." He said that "at the bedrock of our politics will be&nbsp;<genius-referent data-genius-annotator-id="2290375" data-genius-api-path="/referents/11203413" data-genius-referent-id="11203413" data-genius-style-id="referent" data-genius-wrapped-path="/11203413/www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/20/donald-trumps-full-inauguration-speech-transcript-annotated"><genius-referent data-genius-annotator-id="4206508" data-genius-api-path="/referents/11203309" data-genius-referent-id="11203309" data-genius-style-id="referent" data-genius-wrapped-path="/11203309/www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/20/donald-trumps-full-inauguration-speech-transcript-annotated"><genius-referent data-genius-annotator-id="4206890" data-genius-api-path="/referents/11204484" data-genius-referent-id="11204484" data-genius-style-id="referent" data-genius-wrapped-path="/11204484/www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/20/donald-trumps-full-inauguration-speech-transcript-annotated">a total allegiance to the United States of America</genius-referent>." He said that "the Bible tells us how good and pleasant it is when God's people live together in unity." He added that "when America is united, America is totally unstoppable.</genius-referent>"</genius-referent></p> <p>Immediately after the inauguration, Trump took his first actions as president. He issued an executive order to allow federal agencies to waive or defer provisions of Obamacare. This was a first step in Trump’s promised repeal of Obamacare (officially known as the Affordable Care Act), which could cause as many as 18 million Americans to lose their health insurance.</p> <p>In addition, Trump&nbsp;signed an order to roll back a discount on the fees for a federal mortgage program&nbsp;that helps middle-class homebuyers.&nbsp;</p> <p>Immediately following Trump’s inauguration, major changes appeared on the White House’s website. Among the changes was the removal of the terms "climate change" and "LGBT" from the website.<br> &nbsp;</p> <hr> <h4><br> Women’s March</h4> <p>On the following day, January 21, a Women’s March on Washington flooded the streets of the Capitol, nearly paralyzing the city’s transportation systems. "Crowd scientists" quoted in the New York Times estimated that there were at least 470,000 people at the march. Huge solidarity marches took place on the same day in cities and towns across the U.S. and the world.&nbsp;</p> <p>The impetus for the march came in part from the derogatory comments Donald Trump had made about women during the presidential campaign, including a video recording in which he bragged about assaulting women. These and other Trump comments and behaviors became a major issue in Trump’s race against Hillary Clinton for the presidency.&nbsp;</p> <p>The purpose of the march, according to its organizers, was to stand up for women’s rights and human rights. In their "<a href="https://www.womensmarch.com/principles/">unity statement</a>," march organizers called for:</p> <ul> <li>An end to violence against women, including "ending racial profiling and targeting of communities of color."</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Reproductive rights, including "open access to safe, legal, affordable abortion and birth control for all people"<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>LGBTQUI rights, including the "power to control our bodies and be free from gender norms, expectations and stereotypes."<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Workers’ rights, including the rights of "domestic and farm workers, undocumented and migrant, to organize and fight for a living minimum wage."<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Civil rights, including "voting rights, freedom to worship without fear of intimidation or harassment, freedom of speech."<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Disability rights, including "the right of disabled people to be fully included in and contribute to all aspects of American life, economy, and culture."<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Immigrant rights, including the belief that "migration is a human right and that no human being is illegal."<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Environmental justice: "our land and natural resources cannot be exploited for corporate gain or greed - especially at the risk of public safety and health."<br> &nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>The D.C. march turned out to be the tip of the iceberg: At least a million, and by some estimates 2.5 million women, men, and children around the world took to the streets on January 21. (See <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/17/us/womens-march.html">this map</a> showing locations of marches. Also see <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2017/01/photos-of-the-womens-marches-around-the-world/514049/">these photos</a> from around the world.)</p> <p>New York City saw one of its largest demonstrations ever (400,000, according to the Mayor’s Office). Hundreds of thousands more people marched in Los Angeles. In Chicago, the streets were so clogged that "marching" became impossible, and the event was declared a rally instead. Major events were also reported in Miami, Denver, Seattle, Atlanta, and a host of other cities and towns. The New York Times reported that "In Juneau, Alaska, one man marveled that the crowd was the biggest he had ever seen on the state Capitol’s steps. In Philadelphia, marchers filled city bridges. In Lexington, Ky., they shut down streets. In New Orleans, participants played brass instruments."</p> <p>Americans were joined by people marching in solidarity in cities across Mexico, Canada, and Europe. People marched or rallied in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Nairobi, Kenya; Capetown, South Africa; Erbil, Iraq; Tokyo, Japan; and Antarctica.</p> <p>The Washington Post reported that within hours of announcing plans for the march on Washington, "organizers started fielding requests from people in other countries who couldn’t make it to Washington but wanted to take part." One march organizer, Breanne Butler, told the Post that each march had its own focus: "In many South American countries, gender violence is at the top of the list," she said. "In Tokyo, one of the issues they are campaigning for is the right to education." Kate Taylor, a co-founder of the march in Sydney, Australia, said, "Misogyny and bigotry are global issues."</p> <p>March organizers and many of those who attended the events said they saw their actions as the beginning of a period of activism and organizing.<br> &nbsp;</p> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>Discussion</h4> <p>Engage students in discussion about the events of the past few days, using some or all of the questions below. &nbsp;If there is time, have students first discuss issues in pairs or small groups before sharing their views with the whole class.</p> <p>As you discuss students’ thoughts and perceptions, create a list of questions for further exploration. Make a note of any questionable assertions or misinformation.</p> <p>For discussion:</p> <ul> <li>What stands out for you in the events over the past few days?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>What reactions do you have to the excerpts we read from President Trump’s inaugural speech?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Have you heard of policies Trump has proposed to address the problems that he describes?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>What do you think of the actions Trump took immediately after his inauguration?</li> </ul> <ul> <li>How do you think the Women’s March is related to Donald Trump’s inauguration?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Why do you think people in so many American cities came out to march?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Why did people from other countries join in?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>What impact do you think these marches might have on the people who participated?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>What impact do&nbsp; you think they might have on others, on society in general and on the political process?</li> </ul> <p><br> Review with students the list of questions you’ve created and discuss how you might answer them. Consider assigning students to research the questions.</p> <p>As a closing, ask students to share one thought or feeling they have following our discussion today.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h4>&nbsp;</h4> <h4>Sources</h4> <p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/20/donald-trumps-full-inauguration-speech-transcript-annotated/?utm_term=.3302a8e6e24c">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/20/donald-trumps-full-inauguration-speech-transcript-annotated/?utm_term=.3302a8e6e24c</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.snopes.com/white-house-web-site-trump-changes/">http://www.snopes.com/white-house-web-site-trump-changes/</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/22/us/politics/womens-march-trump-crowd-estimates.html">https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/22/us/politics/womens-march-trump-crowd-estimates.html</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.womensmarch.com/principles/">https://www.womensmarch.com/principles/</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/21/politics/trump-women-march-on-washington/">http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/21/politics/trump-women-march-on-washington/</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/worldwide-people-rally-in-support-of-womens-march-on-washington/2017/01/21/bc232bd8-de69-11e6-8902-610fe486791c_story.html?utm_term=.ef6aef3eb55e">https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/worldwide-people-rally-in-support-of-womens-march-on-washington/2017/01/21/bc232bd8-de69-11e6-8902-610fe486791c_story.html?utm_term=.ef6aef3eb55e</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/17/us/womens-march.html?_r=2">https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/17/us/womens-march.html</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2017/01/photos-of-the-womens-marches-around-the-world/514049/">https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2017/01/photos-of-the-womens-marches-around-the-world/514049/</a><br> <br> <br> &nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span>fionta</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-01-22T16:39:28-05:00" title="Sunday, January 22, 2017 - 16:39">January 22, 2017</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> Sun, 22 Jan 2017 21:39:28 +0000 fionta 357 at https://www.morningsidecenter.org The Significance of Electing Women https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/significance-electing-women <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>The Significance of Electing Women</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h4>To The Teacher:</h4> <p><br> Hillary Clinton stands on the brink of becoming the country's first female president. If Clinton secures the Democratic Party nomination and wins the general election, her victory would mark a significant moment for a country that less than 100 years ago did not even allow women to vote.</p> <p>This lesson is divided into two readings designed to have students think critically about the prospect of America electing its first woman president. The first reading provides a historical survey of women leaders in modern world politics. The second reading considers the significance of a potential Hillary Clinton presidency and weighs the debates surrounding the importance of electing a woman to the White House. Questions for discussion follow each reading.<br> &nbsp;</p> <hr> <h4><br> Reading 1:<br> Why does the U.S. lag in electing women leaders?</h4> <p><br> As the leading Democratic Party candidate in the 2016 presidential election, Hillary Clinton stands on the brink of becoming the country's first female president. If she secures the Democratic nomination at the party’s convention in late July and goes on to win the general election, her victory would mark a significant moment for a country that less than 100 years ago did not even allow women to vote.</p> <p>The United States lags behind numerous nations around the world, which long ago elected women as heads of state and government. Presently, Switzerland, Germany, Brazil, South Korea, and Taiwan all have either a female head of state or head of government. In a June 7, 2016, article, for the <em><a href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-women-leaders-0607-snap-story.html">Los Angeles Times</a>, </em>reporter Ann Simmons details the extent to which the United States has lagged behind the rest of the world:</p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;">Hillary Clinton is set to make history as&nbsp;the first woman to be a&nbsp;presidential nominee for a major U.S. political party and potentially becoming the country’s&nbsp;first female commander in chief.</p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;">But the glass ceiling to a nation’s top office was long ago shattered in several countries around the world, including some with nascent democracies.</p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;">"The fact that these countries have democracies that are less established may make it easier for someone outside of the conventional political norms to get elected," said Dan Schnur, director of the Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics at the University of Southern California. The United States&nbsp;"has had two centuries to develop old-boy networks, the results of which are walls that are less easy to scale. New democracies have had less time to build such walls."</p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;">India has had the longest stretches with a woman in power, according to the Pew Research Center.&nbsp;Former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and later President Pratibha Patil served a combined 21 of the last 51 years.&nbsp;In Europe, the Nordic countries stand out in terms of electing women to their nation’s top political office, according to Pew data, barring Sweden, where a woman has never headed the government.</p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;">There are currently 18 female world leaders, including 12 heads of government and 11 elected heads of state, according to the United Nations&nbsp;(some leaders are both, and figurehead monarchs are not included).</p> <p>Hillary Clinton is already the most successful woman presidential candidate in U.S. history. However, as Julia Manchester writes in a June 10, 2016, article for <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/09/politics/hillary-clinton-women-presidential-candidates/)">CNN.com</a>, she is far from the first woman to seek the office. While women have only had the right to vote in the United States since 1920, they were running for president nearly 50 years before. Manchester wrote:</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">While Clinton and her predecessors faced similar gender barriers in the politics, the nation's earliest female politicians had an additional obstacle to overcome.</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">"You know they were running before women had the right to vote," said Debbie Walsh, the director of the Rutgers University Center for American Women and Politics. "Susan B. Anthony in the late 1800s would try to go to vote and she was jailed. So these women faced scorn and ridicule for running ... If you look at cartoons from that period, they were mocked."</p> <p>Here are some of the women who have sought the presidency:</p> <ul> <li>Victoria Claflin Woodhull, of the Equal Rights Party, was the first woman to run for president; she ran in 1872. Woodhull went on to become the first woman to own a Wall Street investment firm.</li> <li>Belva Ann Lockwood ran for president on the Equal Right's party ticket in 1884 and 1888. She later became the first woman to argue before the Supreme Court.</li> <li>In 1964, Margaret Chase Smith, a Republican, became the first woman to seek the nomination of a major political party. She lost the GOP nomination to Barry Goldwater, but did serve in the U.S. House and Senate.</li> <li>In 1968, Shirley Chisholm became the first African American woman to be elected to the U.S. Congress. In 1972, she became the first woman ever to run for the Democratic Party’s presidential nomination - and the first major party Black candidate for president.&nbsp; Her campaign slogan was ‘unbought and unbossed."&nbsp; Although Chisholm ran in most of the nation’s primaries, she lost the nomination to George McGovern. &nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>Why has it taken so long for a woman to come as close to the presidency as Clinton has? According to Zack Beauchamp of <a href="http://www.vox.com/2016/6/9/11884430/hillary-clinton-global-woman-president">Vox.com</a>, both structural factors and voter perceptions have hurt the chances of female candidates. As Beauchamp writes in a June 9, 2016 article:</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">A handful of women have won presidential elections — Brazil's current president, Dilma Rousseff, is one.... So it's not that gendered stereotypes make it impossible for a woman to win a presidential election; it's just a lot harder.</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">A number of factors in the U.S. make it harder still.</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">For one thing, the U.S. has an unusually low number of women in its federal legislature. Data from the&nbsp;Inter-Parliamentary Union&nbsp;finds that an average legislature is 22.7 percent female; the U.S. Congress is 19.4 percent female, ranking a dismal 97th in the world when it comes to women's representation. A smaller female legislative bench means fewer women are likely to run for president.</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">Another important factor, somewhat strangely, is the stability of the American political system. Historically, women are more likely to take over executive positions in countries that have recently experienced or are currently undergoing fundamental crises.</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">"19 percent of women came to power after a period of political transition, 45 percent came to power in countries with a recent history of instability, and 33 percent after a military takeover," University of Texas Austin's Pamela Paxton and University of Pittsburgh's Melanie Hughes write in their book&nbsp;<em>Women, Politics, and Power</em>....</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">The American political system is famously stable, with 227 years of democracy under the same Constitution. So here, would-be women presidents don't really benefit from crisis effects.</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">Finally, America's unique military might works against women candidates. The United States boasts the most fearsome military in human history. And voters think about electing a president in terms of electing a "commander in chief" with their "finger on the nuclear button."</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">These are, of course, highly gendered ideas: Leading troops into combat is stereotypically the most masculine of all masculine pursuits. People tend to envision a man in charge of the U.S. military, creating another implicit barrier to a woman being elected...</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>For Discussion<br> &nbsp;</h4> <ol> <li>How much of the material in this reading was new to you, and how much was already familiar? Do you have any questions about what you read?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>According to the reading, some women were running for president before they even had the right to vote. Why do you think they might have pursued this strategy?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Zach Beauchamp asserts that voters think about electing a president in terms of electing a "commander in chief" with their "finger on the nuclear button," and that "people tend to envision a man" playing this role, creating a barrier to electing a woman president." Do you agree that these sexist stereotypes and biases are still commonly held today?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Have you encountered people who have biases against voting for a woman for president? What arguments did they make? How did you respond?</li> </ol> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h4>&nbsp;</h4> <h4>Reading 2:<br> Does the President's Gender Matter?</h4> <p><br> The possibility of Hillary Clinton's victory has opened a debate about how much it matters to have a woman president. Some argue that the election of a woman to the highest office in the country would be a victory for women, regardless of the political policies she advances. Others contend that the actual positions a president takes are more important than her gender, and that even female politicians can support policies that hurt other women.</p> <p>In a June 7, 2016 article for <a href="http://www.vox.com/2016/6/7/11879746/hillary-clinton-first-woman">Vox.com</a>, Matthew Yglesias discusses how electing a woman president would have a lasting impact. Yglesias writes:<br> &nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">[T]here is clear and convincing evidence that [electing a woman president] does matter. Enormously. In the aggregate, women&nbsp;do&nbsp;govern differently than men, even when you control for partisan affiliation and the ideological composition of the election. But there aren't many women in the governing class. More than 80 percent of the members of the U.S. House of Representatives are men, as are&nbsp;just over 75 percent of state legislators&nbsp;and 88 percent of governors.</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">Electing Clinton would be a break from that pattern, but it would also drive further breaks. Studies show that when women achieve high office, female advancement in politics "trickles down," with a woman governor or senator inspiring a downstream boost in women state legislators. These victories would themselves carry important symbolic value, but beyond that they would generate concrete changes in the governance of the country — including more attention to issues related to child care, family life, women's health, and the needs of the neediest....</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">Tali Mendelberg, Christopher Karpowitz, and Nicholas Goedert show that "when women are many, they are more likely to voice women’s distinctive concerns about children, family, the poor and the needy." What's more, when women are more numerous and therefore more vocal on these topics,&nbsp;men become more vocal too,&nbsp;and "these effects are associated with more generosity to the poor."...</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">Women lead different lives than men, and would consequently govern differently if more of them were in office. And the evidence strongly suggests that electing women to high-profile jobs inspires more women to run for and win lower-profile jobs. The presidency is by far&nbsp;the highest-profile job in American politics, meaning a Clinton presidency would likely have a meaningful downstream impact on women's representation for years to come — with far-reaching ramifications for public policy at both the state and national level.<br> &nbsp;</p> <p>Contrary to this perspective, other commentators argue that simply electing a woman to the presidency will not necessarily improve conditions for the majority of women in America. As journalist Kate Aronoff writes in a June 10, 2016 article for <a href="http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/clintons-nomination-a-victory-for-the-womens-movement-not-women/"><em>Waging Nonviolence</em></a>, the tenures of some recent female leaders left many women worse off than before these politicians took office:<br> &nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">Women have been all but locked out of the United States’ highest office for decades, and Clinton herself has faced a barrage of sexist attacks since long before her campaign began. That she is now a legitimate contender for the Oval Office is an unambiguous testament to the power of feminist movements throughout this country’s history, from those who came together in Seneca Falls to the women who’ve fought back against toxic birth control and forced sterilization this last half-century. Those who fought for these victories changed the political weather, and stripped away the idea that women are unfit for either high office or basic dignity.</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">Clinton’s nomination, though, can be a victory for the women’s movement without being a victory for women....</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">Clinton would not be the first woman to run a major global north country. Angela Merkel has been the chancellor of Germany since 2009. And Margaret Thatcher, of course, broke the glass ceiling at 10 Downing Street when she was elected prime minister [of the U.K] in 1979. Each have driven brutal austerity agendas that left women worse off — Merkel in Greece and Thatcher in her own backyard.</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">"For a woman to occupy that office is a tremendous moment in the country’s history," one NBC correspondent remarked when Thatcher took office. "Britain may have entered a new era today. Not just because the prime minister is a woman, but because of the strong conservative policies she intends to push."</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">The neoliberal orthodoxy Thatcher pioneered has had a devastating effect on women worldwide. In the global north, shrinking welfare states leave working mothers without access to either basic social services or common sense policies like paid family leave. The free market fundamentalism Thatcher and Ronald Reagan both evangelized lingers on, no less so than in Britain and this country’s starved social safety net. A study last summer committed by the United Kingdom’s Labor party found that of the more than $13 billion cut from families in the Conservatives’ 2015 budget $10 billion would come directly from women.</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">Cuts to services like the National Health Service and the wholesale privatization of healthcare in this country have annihilated reproductive health services and made care work — the vast majority of it done by women — both more painstaking and expensive....</p> <p style="margin-left:35.45pt;">The point here is simple: Women can back policies that are bad for women, even if the fact that they are in office at all is a win for women’s movements. Thatcher’s victory made life harder for millions of women. If her career has been any indication, Clinton won’t do any better by women simply by virtue of being one.<br> &nbsp;</p> <p>There is no doubt that a win by Hillary Clinton would be symbolically powerful, but the potential policy impact of having a woman president remains a matter of debate.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>For Discussion<br> &nbsp;</h4> <ol> <li>How much of the material in this reading was new to you, and how much was already familiar? Do you have any questions about what you read?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>According to the reading, wins by high-profile women politicians encourage more women to run for office, especially at the state and local levels. Why do you think this might be the case?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Matthew Yglesias maintains that&nbsp; "women lead different lives than men, and would consequently govern differently if more of them were in office." Do you think this is true?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>At least one study shows that as more women are elected to office, they "voice women’s distinctive concerns about children, family, the poor and the needy." Do you think a woman's perspective on these issues is necessarily different from that of a man? Why or why not?<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>Some women leaders in the past have advocated for policies such as cutting social services for working mothers or families in poverty. Given this, do you believe the gender of a politician actually matters, or is their ideological orientation more significant? Explain your position.<br> &nbsp;</li> <li>What do you think? How significant would a victory by Hillary Clinton be for women in the United States?<br> &nbsp;</li> </ol> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span>fionta</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-07-04T11:15:44-04:00" title="Monday, July 4, 2016 - 11:15">July 4, 2016</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> Mon, 04 Jul 2016 15:15:44 +0000 fionta 389 at https://www.morningsidecenter.org Women's History: Frances Perkins https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/womens-history-frances-perkins <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Women&#039;s History: Frances Perkins</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p>&nbsp;Show students the picture below. You might ask if anyone wants to hazard a guess about what this woman’s job is.&nbsp; What is she doing?<img alt src="/sites/default/files/pictures/perkins_1911.jpg" style="width: 311px; height: 400px; float: right; margin: 12px;"><br> &nbsp;<br> This woman is investigating a deadly fire.&nbsp; Her name is Frances Perkins, the year is 1911, and she is standing at the site of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in Greenwich Village in New York City.&nbsp; On March 25, 1911, a fire at the factory killed 146 garment workers - mostly young immigrant women. Many jumped out the windows of the building to their deaths because the employer had locked the doors.<br> &nbsp;<br> Frances Perkins led a team of investigators who uncovered the extreme employer negligence that led to the fire and the deaths. &nbsp;The investigation eventually led New York State to adopt the most comprehensive workplace health and safety law in the nation at that time.<br> &nbsp;<br> Twenty-two years later, in 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt begged Frances Perkins to become his secretary of labor.<br> &nbsp;<br> Perkins&nbsp; said she would not take the job unless her conditions were met: She was only interested in being labor secretary if Roosevelt would back her up on all of the policies she intended to fight for. &nbsp;They were:</p> <ol> <li>a 40-hour work week</li> <li>a federal&nbsp; minimum wage</li> <li>unemployment compensation</li> <li>worker’s compensation (for workers injured on the job)</li> <li>abolition of child labor</li> <li>federal aid to the states for unemployment relief</li> <li>Social Security (support for seniors)</li> <li>a revitalized federal employment service</li> <li>universal health insurance</li> </ol> <p>&nbsp;<br> Roosevelt said he endorsed them all. So Perkins took the job, becoming the first woman cabinet member in U.S. history. Roosevelt subsequently got a lot of hate mail from people saying a woman could not do this important job.<br> &nbsp;<br> Perkins was one of only two cabinet members to stay the entire length of &nbsp;Roosevelt’s presidency. By the end of those 12 years, Frances Perkins —with the help of many thousands of activists and organizations across the country—succeeded in winning all her demands except one, universal health insurance.<br> &nbsp;<br> Toward the end of her life, Perkins said: "There is much to be done ...It is up to you to contribute some small part to a program of human betterment for all time."</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>Activity</h4> <p>Ask students to name one change THEY would demand if they were in Frances Perkins' position today.&nbsp; Give students a minute or two to think about it, and then have students respond in a go-round.</p> <h4>&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;<br> Sources:</h4> <p><a href="http://francesperkinscenter.org/?page_id=574">http://francesperkinscenter.org/?page_id=574</a><br> <a href="http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/aboutfdr/perkins.html">http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/aboutfdr/perkins.html</a><br> Woman Behind the New Deal by Kirsten Downey: &nbsp;<a href="http://www.powells.com/biblio/17-9781400078561-0">http://www.powells.com/biblio/17-9781400078561-0</a><br> &nbsp;</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span>fionta</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-03-12T13:54:44-04:00" title="Thursday, March 12, 2015 - 13:54">March 12, 2015</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> Thu, 12 Mar 2015 17:54:44 +0000 fionta 476 at https://www.morningsidecenter.org Malala: Standing up for Girls https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/malala-standing-girls <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Malala: Standing up for Girls</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h4>To the teacher</h4> <p>This lesson, posted in October 2012, focuses on the story of Malala Yousafzai, a Pakistani girl whose public stance in favor of the education of girls made her the target of a Taliban assassination attempt in 2012. &nbsp;The lesson has students learn a little about Pakistan, and read and discuss Malala's blog. &nbsp;Because the context of this story is important and complex, we provide background information below. &nbsp;&nbsp;<br> <br> <strong>Update:</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;On October 10, 2014, &nbsp;the Nobel &nbsp;Committee announced that this year's&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/11/world/europe/kailash-satyarthi-and-malala-yousafzai-are-awarded-nobel-peace-prize.html?hp&amp;action=click&amp;pgtype=Homepage&amp;module=b-lede-package-region&amp;region=top-news&amp;WT.nav=top-news">Nobel Peace Prize</a>&nbsp;would go to&nbsp;Malala Yousafzai, 17, of Pakistan, the youngest person ever to receive this honor. Kailash Satyarthi of India, a campaigner against child labor, shared the prize.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h4>A very short history of Pakistan</h4> <p>On August 15, 1947, at midnight, colonial India gained its independence from Britain and split into three parts - today’s Pakistan, Bangladesh and India. &nbsp;Pakistan’s founding father, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, envisioned a moderate Muslim democracy in the northern part of the Asian subcontinent. &nbsp;Muslims from all over India traveled to find a home in the newly established nation. &nbsp;At the same time, many &nbsp;Hindus, Sikhs and other non-Muslims left Pakistan for India.&nbsp;</p> <p>The transition to independence, however, was far from peaceful. &nbsp;Hundreds of thousands were killed: Muslims on their way to Pakistan, as well as non-Muslims leaving for India. &nbsp;Partition became a very violent and bloody event in the region’s history.</p> <p>And the violence and suffering didn't end there. &nbsp;Ever since its founding, Pakistan has been plagued by extreme poverty, violence and corrupt government officials that have not been able (or perhaps willing) to create a strong central government with the stability to take care of its people. &nbsp;These days there are fears of Pakistan becoming a failed state altogether. &nbsp;This would present a global geopolitical danger.&nbsp;</p> <p>However, the focus of the lesson below is the impact the continuing violence and instability are having on average Pakistanis.</p> <p>An era of increased violence in Pakistan began in the wake of the al-Qaeda attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001. &nbsp;A week after 9/11, President George W. Bush demanded the Taliban regime in Afghanistan (Pakistan’s neighbor to the west) turn over the al-Qaeda militants it had been harboring, including their leader Osama bin Laden. &nbsp;The Taliban refused and in October the US launched an all out-offensive to oust Afghanistan’s Taliban regime and break up al-Qaeda.</p> <p>Pakistan became a frontline ally in the American "War on Terror." &nbsp;But this alliance has been troubled, because of the Pakistani regime’s longstanding ties to the Taliban. Pakistan had helped the Taliban come to power in 1996 - with the help of the American CIA. &nbsp;The CIA’s support for the Taliban stemmed from the Cold War, when it nurtured, financed and armed local Afghan fighters to wage war on Soviet troops that had occupied Afghanistan during the 1980s.</p> <p>As the U.S. stepped up its offensive in Afghanistan after 9/11, Taliban remnants retreated and regrouped in western Pakistan. From this base, the Taliban started an insurgent-style offensive against U.S.-led "coalition forces" in Afghanistan in late 2002. &nbsp;</p> <p>In response, the US introduced and stepped up drone attacks over Pakistan. &nbsp;Drones are unmanned combat planes used to kill Taliban and other anti-American fighters from the air, without putting American combat troops in harm’s way. &nbsp;Drones, however, kill not only fighters, but civilians. As a result many Pakistanis are angry at the U.S., a sentiment exploited by groups like the Taliban.&nbsp;</p> <p>The Taliban and groups like it are now also fighting the Pakistani state from within. &nbsp;They want to compel the Pakistani government to end its support for the American "War on Terror" and to stop interfering with their own activities in the border areas (with Afghanistan) and in the Swat Valley.</p> <h5>The Swat Valley and Malala Yousafzai</h5> <p>The Swat Valley is located just an hour north of Pakistan’s capital, Islamabad. &nbsp;With its spectacular mountain ranges, winding rivers and cascading waterfalls, Swat used to be a destination for visitors from all over Pakistan. &nbsp;Until 2007, that is, when the militant Islamist Taliban came to power in the region. &nbsp;The group instilled fear in the population with its violent and barbaric rule. &nbsp;They used public floggings and executions to punish those who defied the Taliban’s very strict and conservative interpretation of "Sharia" (Islamic law derived from the Koran and other Islamic writings). &nbsp;</p> <p>Opposed to the education of women, the Taliban burned down hundreds of girls’ schools across the region. &nbsp;They threatened teachers and female students who continued to pursue an education, forcing many to give up their careers, their education and their dreams. &nbsp;</p> <p>The latest example of the Taliban’s brutal practices was the shooting of 14-year old Malala Yousafzai, who has been an activist and champion of girls’ education in the Swat Valley since 2009. &nbsp;(Malala was badly wounded but not killed in the shooting; she is currently recovering at a hospital in the UK.)&nbsp;</p> <p>Malala was just 11 when she wrote an online diary that was published by the BBC. &nbsp;In it, she exposed the suffering caused by the brutal rule of Taliban militants in Swat. &nbsp;Later, in the <em>New York Times </em>documentary below -and elsewhere, Malala spoke out for the education of girls. She earned the admiration of many across Pakistan for her courage. &nbsp;</p> <p>It is hard to recall another time in recent history when the people of Pakistan were as united as they are today in their outrage against the attack. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>To find out more about Malala, see <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/video/2012/10/09/world/asia/100000001835296/class-dismissed.html">Class Dismissed,</a> a 32-minute <em>New York Times</em> documentary made in 2009, which shows the courage of this young girl and the power of her words. &nbsp;Note: the documentary includes violent and very disturbing footage, including public floggings and an execution.<br> &nbsp;</p> <hr> <h4><br> Gathering (5 minutes)</h4> <p>Ask students if they’re familiar with the name Malala Yousafzai. &nbsp;If the name doesn’t ring a bell, ask if they’ve heard about the 14-year old Pakistani schoolgirl and activist who was shot in the head on October 9, 2012. &nbsp;What have they heard about her? &nbsp;Why was she shot? &nbsp;<br> &nbsp;</p> <h4>Check agenda (2 minutes)</h4> <p>Check agenda and explain that today you’ll be learning more about Malala Yousafzai, where she is from, and why she was shot. &nbsp;</p> <p>Depending on how much your students know about Pakistan, consider using either a web or mini-lecture to continue today’s lesson.<br> <br> &nbsp;</p> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>Pakistan web (8 minutes)</h4> <p>Making webs can stimulate creative thinking. To make one, write a core word, in this case "Pakistan," in the center of the board or on chart paper and circle it. &nbsp;Ask students for their associations with the core word and chart them so that they radiate out from the center. Related ideas can be grouped.</p> <p>Encourage associations while energy is high. Ask open-ended questions to prompt ideas if necessary. &nbsp;As energy tapers off, ask students to read what's on the web and ask some or all of the following debrief questions:</p> <p>• What do you notice about the web?<br> • Are there generalizations we can make about what's on the web?<br> • Where have you obtained your information about Pakistan? &nbsp;<br> • Have any of you ever visited Pakistan? &nbsp;Does anyone know someone who has visited Pakistan? &nbsp;<br> • Does anyone have any questions about Pakistan?</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h4>Pakistan Mini Lecture (8 minutes)</h4> <p>Alternatively, if students don’t know enough about Pakistan to create a web, show them a world map, locate Pakistan, and look at its topography and its neighbors. &nbsp;Do students know anything about the countries bordering Pakistan? &nbsp;What does this tell them about the region Pakistan is in?</p> <p>Using the "to the teacher" introduction above or your own knowledge of the country, give students some background about what has been happening in Pakistan.&nbsp;</p> <p>Then, use the following activities to introduce students to Pakistan’s Swat Valley - its beauty and the barbaric Taliban rule.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>Swat Valley, Pakistan (10 minutes)</h4> <p>Show students the following <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nW4ApZ5wLU">video</a> with images of the Swat Valley on Youtube or a&nbsp;<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/35663537@N00/113938626/">slideshow of Swat</a> on flickr.</p> <p>Ask students their thoughts about the video/slide show they just watched. &nbsp;If they were to describe Swat Valley to a family member or friend, what words would they use to describe it?</p> <p>Explain that Swat Valley has been in the news these past few weeks because of the horrific shooting of 14-year old Malala Yousafzai. &nbsp;Elicit and share some of the information about Taliban rule in Swat Valley since 2007 and Malala Yousafzai’s fight against the group’s edict banning girls’ education. &nbsp;</p> <p>Explain that when she was 11, Malala kept a journal for the British Broadcasting Company’s Urdu service. &nbsp;Urdu is Pakistan’s official language. In the journal, Malala talked about her studies, life at home and friends. The blog, which was published using a pseudonym, became very popular. The diaries stopped when Malala and her family left the Swat valley in advance of a military operation in May 2009. Several months later, after the Pakistani army regained control of Swat, Malala returned to the valley.&nbsp;</p> <p>Malala began gaining visibility in Pakistan and beyond, giving interviews about the right of girls to be educated, and openly criticizing the Taliban. The <em>New York Times </em>made a documentary about Malala’s life during the conflict in the Swat, and she was awarded Pakistan's first National Youth Peace Prize.</p> <p>On October 9, 2012, Malala was shot in the head and neck in an assassination attempt by Taliban gunmen while returning home from school on a bus. A bullet was removed by Pakistani doctors; later she was sent to a hospital in the United Kingdom. Doctors say they expect a smooth recovery. The Taliban claimed responsibility for the shooting, saying that Malala was a "spy of the west" who was being used to defame the Taliban.<br> <br> Since the shooting, people across Pakistan and the world have spoken out in solidarity with Malala, organized vigils and petitions, and joined her call for education, for peace, and for the rights of girls and women.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h4>Malala’s Journal (20 minutes)</h4> <p>Ask for volunteers in your class to read excerpts, one after the other, from Malala’s journal below. &nbsp;</p> <p>To find the excerpts in full, and to find other excerpts from Malala’s journal, go to the <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7889120.stm">BBC’s South Asia website</a>.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Sunday 8 February: School Memories</strong></p> <p>... I felt hurt on opening my wardrobe and seeing my uniform, school bag and geometry box. Boys' schools are opening tomorrow. But the Taliban have banned girls' education. The memories of my school flashed before me, especially the arguments among the girls. ...</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Monday 9 February: Precarious</strong></p> <p>... Today the maid came. She normally comes once a week to wash our clothes.</p> <p>She comes from Attock district but she has been living in this area for years now. She told us that the situation in Swat has become "very precarious" and that her husband has told her to go back to Attock.</p> <p>People do not leave their homeland on their own free will - only poverty or a lover usually makes you leave so rapidly.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Thursday 12 February: Heavy Shelling</strong></p> <p>There was heavy shelling last night. Both my brothers were sleeping but I could not. I went to lie down with my father but then went to my mother, but could not sleep.</p> <p>That was why I also woke up late in the morning. In the afternoon I had tuition, then my teacher for religious education came. In the evening I continued playing with my brothers amid fighting and arguments. Also played games on computer for a while.</p> <p>Before the Taliban imposed restrictions on the cable network, I used to watch the Star Plus TV channel and my favorite drama was 'Raja Kee Aye Gee Barat' (My dream boy will come to marry me). ...</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Friday 13 February: Fazlulah Crying</strong></p> <p>Today the weather is good. It rained a lot and when it rains my valley looks more beautiful. As I got up in the morning, my mother told me about the murder of a rickshaw driver and a night watchman. Life is getting worse with the passage of each day.&nbsp;</p> <p>... The rich have moved out of Swat while the poor have no place but to stay here.</p> <p>We asked our cousin on the telephone to take us around the city in this splendid weather. He picked us up but when he came to the bazaar we found out that the markets were closed and the road wore a deserted look. ...</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Sunday 15 February: Don’t Be Scared</strong></p> <p>... When we were having lunch, firing started outside. I had never heard such firing. We got scared, thought that the Taliban had arrived. I ran towards my father who consoled me by telling me 'Don't be scared - this is firing for peace.'</p> <p>He told me that he read in the newspaper that the government and the militants are to sign a peace deal tomorrow and he firing is in jubilation. ...</p> <p>When we heard the announcement, first my mother and then father started crying. My two younger brothers had tears in their eyes too.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Thursday 17 February: Hustle and Bustle</strong></p> <p>Today I started preparing for the examinations because after the peace deal there is a hope that girls' schools could reopen. &nbsp;...</p> <p>When I entered my room I saw my two brothers playing. One had a toy helicopter while the other had a pistol made of paper. One would yell "fire" and the other would say "take position." One of my brothers told my father he wanted to make an atomic bomb.</p> <p>... May God help make this agreement successful. I am optimistic.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Wednesday 18 February: Hope Smashed</strong></p> <p>I went to the market today. It was crowded. People are happy about the deal. I saw a traffic jam after a long time. In the evening my father broke the news of the death of a Swat journalist (Musa Khankhel). Mom's is not feeling well. Our hopes of peace have been smashed.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>When volunteers in your class are done reading the excerpts out loud, ask students to discuss Malala’s journal entries in small groups, using the following questions as a guide:</p> <ul> <li>What are their first reactions to what they just read/heard? &nbsp;What do they think about Malala Yousafzai’s journal? &nbsp;What do they feel about Malala Yousafzai’s journal?</li> <li>How do they think Malala feels about living in Swat? &nbsp;Ask students to explain why by pointing to the journal entry that supports their answer. &nbsp;</li> <li>What are some of the things the Taliban is doing that upsets Malala?</li> <li>How does Malala feel about her education?</li> <li>Why do you think Malala is considered a hero in Pakistan and around the world?</li> </ul> <p>If you have time, you might show students this 3-minute<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/9611395/Malala-Yousafzai-video-interview-from-2009.html"> video interview </a>with Malala from the UK Telegraph or this 5-minute <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nME-TeBAfmU&amp;feature=related">profile</a> of Malala.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>Pakistan web (5 minutes)</h4> <p>Return to the "Pakistan" web you created earlier with your students (or start a web if you haven’t yet). &nbsp; Ask students if based on what they learned in today’s lesson, they’d like to add anything to the web.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>Homework</h4> <p>For homework ask students to find out about efforts to support Malala and her demand that all girls have the right to go to school. &nbsp;If students are interested, work with them to take action themselves. &nbsp;</p> <p>(See this <a href="http://www.unric.org/en/latest-un-buzz/27962-join-the-campaign-to-save-malala-and-girls-education">UN release</a> about some of the organizing efforts.)</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span>fionta</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2014-10-10T10:08:14-04:00" title="Friday, October 10, 2014 - 10:08">October 10, 2014</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> Fri, 10 Oct 2014 14:08:14 +0000 fionta 514 at https://www.morningsidecenter.org Women's History Month: Considering Women's Leadership https://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/womens-history-month-considering-womens-leadership <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Women&#039;s History Month: Considering Women&#039;s Leadership</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h4>Objectives</h4> <p><strong>Students will:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Learn about Women's History Month and International Women's Day</li> <li>Name people who have had an impact on them personally, on their communities and on the country</li> <li>Name the qualities these people had that allowed them to make this impact</li> <li>Look at the ratio of men to women that we consider as having an impact on our lives and connect this to why we celebrate Women's History Month</li> <li>Read a short biography about a woman in history and discuss her contributions in small groups</li> <li>Present what was discussed in the small groups</li> </ul> <p><strong>Social &amp; Emotional Skills:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Exploring the idea of leadership and leadership qualities</li> <li>Exploring the idea of gender inequality</li> <li>Standing up for others, being an ally</li> <li>Small group work</li> <li>Communication/presentation skills</li> </ul> <hr> <h4>Materials needed:</h4> <ul> <li>Today's agenda on chart paper or on the board</li> <li>3 sheets of chart paper with headings "personal impact," "community impact" and "national impact."&nbsp;</li> <li>Post-its&nbsp;</li> <li>Bios at:<br> 1.<a href="http://www.biography.com/people/susan-b-anthony-194905">&nbsp;http://www.biography.com/people/susan-b-anthony-194905</a><br> 2.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1535.html">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1535.html</a><br> 3.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.udhr.org/history/Biographies/bioer.htm">http://www.udhr.org/history/Biographies/bioer.htm</a><br> 4.<a href="http://womenshistory.about.com/od/worklaborunions/a/dolores_huerta.htm">http://womenshistory.about.com/od/worklaborunions/a/dolores_huerta.htm</a><br> 5.<a href="http://www.powersource.com/gallery/people/wilma.html">&nbsp;http://www.powersource.com/gallery/people/wilma.html</a></li> </ul> <p>Note: &nbsp;For a more in-depth study of three contemporary women leaders, see our TeachableMoment lessons:</p> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/malala-standing-girls">MALALA: STANDING UP FOR GIRLS</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/shirin-ebadi-nobel-peace-prize-winner">SHIRIN EBADI: NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNER</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.morningsidecenter.org/teachable-moment/lessons/international-womens-day-nobel-laureate-wangari-maathai-shaking-tree">NOBEL LAUREATE WANGARI MAATHAI: SHAKING THE TREE</a></li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>Gathering:<br> Thinking about Leadership&nbsp;</h4> <p><em>(20 minutes)</em></p> <p>Ask each student to think about and write down on three separate Post-it notes the names of three people:&nbsp;<br> <strong>a) </strong>someone who has had an impact on them personally<br> <strong>b)</strong> someone who has had an impact on their community<br> <strong>c)</strong> someone who has had an impact on the country</p> <p>Ask students to write on each note a quality that allowed that particular person to make the impact they did.</p> <p>Post three different flipchart sheets at the front of the room. One has the heading "personal impact," another is headed "community impact" and the third is headed "national impact."</p> <p>Ask students to affix their Post-it notes to the appropriate sheet.</p> <p>Split the class into three groups. Assign each group to study one of the sheets, and discuss the following questions:</p> <ul> <li>What do you notice about the names and roles of the people on your chart?</li> <li>What do you notice about the qualities on your chart?</li> <li>Do you notice similarities/differences? What are they?</li> <li>Does anything surprise you?</li> <li>What kind of impact have these people had? Positive/Negative?</li> <li>Would it be fair to say that these people are leaders in our lives and communities?</li> <li>What is the ratio of women to men on your chart?</li> </ul> <p>Before you reconvene the whole class, ask students in each group to read the Post-its on the other two sheets.</p> <p>Then ask students to come back to the full group. Ask a representative from each group to present some of their group's findings. Ask each group: How did your sheet differ from the other two?</p> <p>Discuss with the class:</p> <ul> <li>Do you tend to think of the people on all three flipcharts as leaders? Why/Why not?</li> <li>Do you think of the qualities posted on all three flipcharts as leadership qualities? Why or why not?</li> </ul> <p>Now compare the ratio of men to women from sheet to sheet. Most likely there will be more women on the "personal" sheet than on the "community" or "national" sheet. There may be more women on the "community" list than on the "national" one. In other words, the further we get from "personal," the fewer women are listed.</p> <p>If this is the case with your three sheets, ask students:</p> <ul> <li>Why do you think the ratio of men to women is different on the three sheets?</li> <li>March is Women's History Month. How might this discovery today on our flipcharts be related to Women's History Month?</li> </ul> <h4><br> Women's History Month and International Women's Day</h4> <p>No matter what ratios you found on the sheets, engage students in a brief discussion about Women's History Month.&nbsp;What do students know about it? Why was it created?</p> <p>Explain that &nbsp;beginning in 1978, &nbsp;women around the country began mobilizing for a Women's History Week and month as a way to shine a spotlight on women's history, which had often been overlooked in history books. &nbsp;They saw the month as a way of&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;">r</span>ecognizing, honoring, and celebrating the achievements of American women.<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;">&nbsp;</span>In 1987, Congress officially declared &nbsp;March as Women's History Month. &nbsp;(For more on this history, &nbsp;see the <a href="http://www.nwhp.org/whm/history.php">National Women's History Project website</a>.)&nbsp;</p> <p>But the roots of the celebration go further back in history. March was chosen as Women's History Month because March 8 had already been established as International Women's Day. &nbsp;Ask students what they know about this day. &nbsp;</p> <p>Elicit and explain that International Women's Day began as a campaign by women for better working conditions for women in New York City around the turn of the 20th century.</p> <p>The first National Women's Day was organized in the U.S. in 1909 to honor a strike by New York garment workers (mostly women, many of them immigrants) a year earlier. That strike, called "the Uprising of 20,000," which lasted for fourteen weeks, demanded better working conditions and wages in an industry that was dangerous and very low-paid.</p> <p>The first International Women's Day was established in Denmark in 1910. It was to champion the movement for women's rights, including the right to vote (known as "suffrage").</p> <p>These days, International Women's Day is celebrated around the world on March 8. It is an important day to highlight the economic, social and political contributions that women have made to the world.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h3>Women who have made a difference&nbsp;</h3> <p><em>(25 minutes)</em><br> &nbsp;</p> <p>Ask students to pick one of following women and read a short biography about her life.</p> <p>Susan B Anthony (1820-1906)<br> Bio:&nbsp;<a href="http://www.biography.com/people/susan-b-anthony-194905">http://www.biography.com/people/susan-b-anthony-194905</a></p> <p>Harriet Tubman (1820-1913)<br> Bio:&nbsp;<a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1535.html">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1535.html</a></p> <p>Eleanor Roosevelt (1884-1964)<br> Bio:&nbsp;<a href="http://www.udhr.org/history/Biographies/bioer.htm">http://www.udhr.org/history/Biographies/bioer.htm</a></p> <p>Dolores Huerta (1930- )<br> Bio:&nbsp;<a href="http://womenshistory.about.com/od/worklaborunions/a/dolores_huerta.htm">http://womenshistory.about.com/OD/worklaborunions/a/dolores_huerta.htm</a></p> <p>Wilma Mankiller (1945-2010)<br> Bio:&nbsp;<a href="http://www.powersource.com/gallery/people/wilma.html">http://www.powersource.com/gallery/people/wilma.html</a></p> <p>After reading about the woman of their choice ask students to join others who picked the same woman and discuss in their groups some or all of the following questions:</p> <ul> <li>What are your first thoughts about the woman you just read about?</li> <li>Had you ever heard of this woman before this activity?</li> <li>If you'd heard of the woman before this activity, did you know what contributions she'd made to her community?</li> <li>What kind of contribution did this woman make to her community?</li> <li>What qualities did she have that allowed her to make this contribution?</li> <li>Who was affected by her actions? How?</li> </ul> <p>Have a representative from each group say a few words about the woman they read about.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4>Closing&nbsp;</h4> <p><em>(5 minutes)</em></p> <p>Ask students: who is a woman you'd like to honor on this Women's History Month and why? Encourage a few volunteers to share.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span>fionta</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--teachable-moment-lesson.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2014-03-12T01:00:00-04:00" title="Wednesday, March 12, 2014 - 01:00">March 12, 2014</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> Wed, 12 Mar 2014 05:00:00 +0000 fionta 542 at https://www.morningsidecenter.org